Creaming of synthetic rubber latices



Patented July 6, 1948 CREAMING OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER LATICES Erving Arundale, Westiield, N. J., asslgnor to Standard Oil Development Company, a corporatlon of Delaware No Drawing. Application September 30, 1944, Serial No. 556,659

18 Claims. (01. 260-845) This invention pertains to an improvement in the creaming of latices and in particular to the creaming of synthetic rubber latices obtained by the polymerization of diolefinicmaterials or by the copolymerization of diolefinic materials with certain monoolefinic compounds in aqueous emulsion. This application is a continuation in part of my application Serial No. 502,789, filed September 17, 1943.

Various methods are known for concentrating natural rubber latex from 38-40% total solids to 60-75% total solids. Such methods include creaming, centrifuging, evaporation, electrodecantation and filtration. Only the first three methods are used to any extent commercially, and of these, the creaming process is undoubtedly the most important since a minimum amount of equipment is required and concentrates of high solids content can be produced. Creaming has a further advantage particularly over the evaporation method due to the fact that water solubles for the most part tend to remain in the lower serum layer. Films deposited from the creams therefore generally have low ash and water absorption values.

These concentration processes work well with natural rubber latex because the particle size of the latex is quite large (1,000 m and because the diilerence in density between the rubber and I the media is about 0.09 gm./cc. However, synthetic rubber latices cannot be concentrated readily to high solids content by the above-mentioned methods because of the fact that the particle size thereof is much smaller (10-200 m and the density difference is also smaller, amounting only to between 0.01 and 0.04 gm./cc. Since creaming involves the addition of hydrophilic colloids such as gums, mosses, alkali alginates, etc. to the dilute latex to slow down the Brownian movement and cause the rubber particles to rise to the surface due to the difference in density between the particles and the accompanying media, it is obvious that synthetic latices do not readily lend themselves to concentration by creaming. The same factors, 1. e., particle size and density difference, also control concentration by centrifuging, filtration, etc. While synthetic rubber latices can be concentrated to approximately 40-45% solids content by an evaporation process through the removal of water by distillation under vacuum, this process is not satisfactory because it increases the amount of emulsifier and other water solubles in the concentrate. For example, when a latex prepared by the emulsionpolymerization of butadiene and acrylonitrile using a soap emulz sifier is concentrated from about 20% solids to about 40-45% solids by evaporation of water, the resultant concentrate is extremely viscous and the concentration of non-rubberlike material present therein is approximately doubled.

It is the object of this invention therefore to provide the art with a method whereby synthetic rubber latices may be concentrated satisfactorily by creaming.

It is also an object of this invention to provide a method whereby latices obtained by the polymerization of diolefinic materials in aqueous emulsion may be concentrated by creaming to form products having a rubber solids content of at least i It is a further object of this invention to provide creams of synthetic rubberlike emulsion polymerizates which contain at least 45% of rubber solids and possess a high degree of fluidity.

These and other objects will appear more clearly from the detailed description and claims set out below.

It has now been found that the creaming method can be applied to synthetic rubber latices provided that the size of the synthetic latex particles is increased by treating the dilute latex with solutions of salts of certain inorganic monovalent cations, organic amine salts, or organic acids in the proper concentrations. It is, of course, well known that solutions of inorganic salts, organic amine salts and organic acids in high concentrations cause the agglomeration of the rubber particles in synthetic latices to such an extent as to cause coagulation thereof. I have found that by treating the synthetic rubber latices with solutions of certain inorganic salts, organic amine salts or organic acids in a somewhat weaker concentration than has been employed in the coagulation of such latices, it is possible to obtain an enlargement in the particle size without any appreciable coagulation or agglomeration and at the same time increase the density of the media. For convenience, this treatment causing an enlargement of the latex particle size and increase in the density of the media. will be termed destabilization and the inorganic salts, organic amine salts and organic acids which are added to increase the latex particle size will be termed a destabilization agent. This increase in particle size and density greatly facilitates creaming and concentrated latices containing approximately total solids or higher can be produced. Such a particle size increase would also facilitate the centrifuging of such latices. Due to the fact that a large amount of emulsifier has been removed in the creaming process and that the particle size has been increased. the creams obtained at 50% total solids content or higher are fluid and films resulting therefrom contain low ash and water absorption values. v

According to my invention, the dilute synthetic latex (pH 7.0-9.5) containing between 20-30% solids and preferably 22-25% solids is mixed with an aqueous solution containing about 1 to 7 weight per cent of a monovalent inorganic salt, an organic amine'salt or an organic acid at a temperature between 20 and 75 C. whereupon an increase in particle size takes place. Solutions more dilute than 1% do not produce as extensive a particle size increase, while solutions more concentrated than 7% tend to bring about excessive coagulation of the latex. The concentration employed depends primarily upon the emulsifier content of the dilute latex. Introduction of the inorganic salt solutions in theform of an extremely fine spray or mist with good agitation of the latex does however permit the use of somewhat more concentrated solutions. It has also been found that saturated solutions of sodium, potassium or ammonium chlorides, 0.2 normal in ammonia, could be used similarly in small amounts, but the results in general were considered inferior to those obtained with the dilute solutions. For these carried out at roomtemperature (20-25 6.),

but the results will be improved and. the consumption of destabilizing agent decreased if the latex' and/or destabilizing agent are heated before or after mixing to 85-75 C. and'the mixture then allowed to stand at 35-75 C. until the particle size has increased. Care must be taken in all these operations, however, to prevent overdestabilization or gellation of the latex, which i are brought by the use of too drastic destabilization conditions, particularly the use of too much destabilizer.

The latex destabllizers which. can be used in accordance with the present invention include:

1. Inoacmc Sam's '-,The following ammonium, sodium, potassium or lithium salts: I

Fluorides Per-sulfates chlorides Molybdates Bromides Dichrom'ates Acetates Nitrates Formates Hydroml ammonium Oxalates chloride Mono basic phosphates Hydroxyl ammonium Bisulfltes sulfate Sulfates Regardless of the anion involved of an electrolyte to increase the activity Salts of bivalent metals cannot be used since it they produce coagulation of the rubber in the latex even in dilute solutions.

particle size runs in 2. Oaomc Am: SAL-r3 3. Oacmrc Acms Acids having dissociation constants between 1 X 10" and 1 X 10- such as I Acetic acid Lactic acid Citric acid Naphthalene sulfonlc 'Formic acid acid, etc.

Of the destabllizers listed above the followlog are to be preferred from a process standpoint Ammonium chloride Ammonium fluoride Ammonium monobasic phosphate Sodium monobasic phosphate Sodium bisulfite Hydroxyl ammonium sulfate When using monobasic phosphate solutions. sufficient ammonia must be added to raise the pH of the solution to approximately 5.9 or above in order to prevent coagulation on addition to the latex. Generally the amount of local coagulation if any obtained on mixing the salt solution with the latex can be reduced if the pH of the salt solution is raised if necessary to between 7 and 7.7 before adding it to the latex. Concentrated aqueous (26%) ammonia, potassium hydroxide, dimethylamine, etc., can be used for this purpose. This also permits the addition of the salt solution (at temp. 25-35 C.) to the latex at a higher temperature (e. g. (60 C.) than heretofore without causing coagulation. Stronger salt solutions (up to 7%) can be used also if the pH of the solution is raised. NHlCl solution concentrations of this order may be necessary on latices containing high emulsifier contents.

When acids of the type mentioned above are to be used as destabllizers, the acid solution concentration should be between 0.05 and 2% and preferably 0.754%. Approximately 1-2 parts of acid and 0.5-1.0 part of ammonium alginate be avoided while thelatex is being destabilized.

The solution is used in an amount equal to about old-1.0 parts of solution per part of dilute latex, depending on the concentration of the salt solution, on the-emulsifier content and pH of the dilute latex. and on the destabilization temperature. The salt should preferably be used in an amount equal to about. 1-19parts of drysalt per parts of solids in the latex. After the salt solution has been added and the increase in particle size has occurred. an alkali such as ammonia gas, concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide,

organic bases such as dimethylamine, morpholine. etc, oipotassium hydroxide solution is added to raise the pH to between 9.0 and and thereby restabilize the latex. Potassium hydroxide should be used to quench soap-type latices destabilized with large amounts, 1. e., between about 6-19 parts of ammonium chloride per 100 parts of latex solids and ammonium hydroxide should be used on latices containing synthetic emulsifiers and on latices destabilized with monobasic phosphates. The KOH is'used in an amount equal to 0.45-0.90 gm. of dry KOH per gm. of ammonium chloride and is employed preferably as a 9.2 normal solution. 0.68 part KOH per part ammonium chloride is very satisfactory. Ammonium hydroxide quench is used in an amount equal to 2.5-5 parts NH: per 100 parts latex solids. If the destabilization is carried out at elevated temperatures of about 60 C. or higher with less than about 6 parts of ammonium chloride per 100 parts of latex solids, it is possible to quench the destabilized mixture with a volatile base such as ammonia, or dimethylamine. etc, instead of with fixed alkalies such as KOH. The combination of ammonium chloride destabilization and ammonia or dimethylamine quench yield latex creams ofv low waer absorption and low ash values. Ammonia can only be used as a quench on ammonium chloride type creams, however, when small amounts of the salt are employed.

After restabilizing or quenching the latex with alkali, a creaming agent is added in aqueous solution or as a dry powder with stirring (if necessary high speed) whereupon the latex is heated to 35-60 C. (if not at this temperature already) to insure solution thereof. The agents which may be used include the usual rubber latex creaming agents, such as Carob Bean gum, alkali alginates, gum tragacanth. and so forth. The creaming agents are conveniently added to the latex as a OHS-3% aqueous solution and in an amount equal to about 0.5-1.1 parts per 100 parts of rubber. After heating the latex containing the oreaming agent, the mixture is allowed to stand 12-20 hours, whereupon the upper cream layer may be separated from the lower serum layer. The majority of creaming takes place in the first few hours, however. allowed to cream at a slightly elevated temperature (35-50 C.), the solids content of the cream is raised. The capacity of the creaming tower can be increased by allowing. the mixture to cream 4 to 6 hours, withdrawing the serum and replacing it with an equal volume of uncreamed mixture and then allowin the batch to stand at least 12 hours. It is also possible to destabilize the latex with 5-5.5% salt solution, carrying the procedure through the ammonium alginate addition and then adding 10-50 parts of water per 100 parts latex. Creams containing approximately 50-55% solids and serums containing 03-05% rubber are obtained. The slight amount of rubber remaining in the serium after separation can be recovered if desired by heating the serum to 90-100 C. and filtering off the rubber.

This method can be used satisfactorily on synthetic rubber latices prepared from a wide variety of initial materials b the emulsion polymerization process. Artificial dispersions prepared from the dry rubber possess large particle sizes and consequently do not need such a destabilization before creaming. It may be applied, for example. to latices obtained by the polymerization in If the mixture is tion with unsaturated comonomers, i. e. copolymerizable compounds containing a single terminal methylene group such as styrene, homologues of styrene, such as alpha methyl styrene, para methyl styrene. alpha methyl para methyl styrene, nitriles of low-molecular weight unsaturated acids such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile or chloroacrylonitrile, methyl a'crylate, methyl methacr'ylate and ketones such as methyl vinyl ketonc or mixtures thereof. These latices will be referred to assynthetic rubber latices or synthetic rubber latices of the Buna type and are not to be confused with any artificial latices or dispersions prepared from solid rubber whether derived from nature or by synthesis.

The emulsions of the diolefinic reactants can be prepared with the aid of a wide variety of emulsifying agents including soaps, rosin soaps, alkylatednaphthalene sulfonic acid salts,'high molecular weight alkyl sulfates or sulfonates and, in general, any emulsifier yielding a neutral to alkaline reaction mixture although the use of potassium oleate is to be preferred. Salts of high molecular weight amines such as dodecylamine hydrochloride, trimethyl cetyl ammonium chloride or sulfate etc. are not satisfactory since the resultant emulsion or latex has a pH below '7 and is therefore not stable at the pH necessary for effective creaming. The emulsifier content of the original latexhas a great effect upon the results obtained with this process. For example, when latices contain high soap contents, increased amounts of salt solution, increased concentrations of salt solution, CO2, more creaming agent, longer contact times and/or higher temperatures should be employed for best results. When operating at a destabilization temperature of C. between 0.8 and 1.4 parts of dry NH4C1 (as 4-6% sol.) are normally required for each part of oleate soap (based on solids) present in the latex. The 'soap is determined by titrating, the latex with 0.05 normal acid to a bromophenol blue endpoint. Latices prepared in the presence of synthetic emulsifiers require mild destabilization conditions since the emulsifier concentration ofsuch latices is usually low. -The higher the initial solids content of the dilute latex the smaller the amount of destabilizer necessary to produce optimum creaming results. However, to obtain maximum cream purity the destabilized batch should be diluted to at least 20% totals solids prior to the addition of creaming agent.

Latices to be creamed should, for best results, contain low soap contents (1.5%-4% based on rubber). Such low soap contents can be obtained by conducting the original polymerization in the presence of reduced quantities of emulsifier or the soap content of the dilute latex can be lowered (pH also lowered) through the addition of carbon dioxide, dilute (0.75%) acetic acid, certain buifers, etc.

After the polymerization has been carried to the desired conversion, a reaction short-stop (e2 2. hydroxyl amine hydrochloride, hydroxyl amine sulfate, free hydroxyl amine, phenyl ethanol amine, etc.) is added to the latex which is then vacuum stripped to remove unreacted monomers. The stripped latex is then subjected to the creaming process. The antioxidant necessary to prevent aging of the rubber is added to the destabilized batch just prior to the addition of creaming agent or to the final cream.

The creams prepared in accordance with this Exmru I A synthetic rubber latex was prepared by polymerizing butadiene and acrylonitrlle (wt. ratio 62/38) in the presence of water (2/1 ratio water/reactants) and 1.75% oleate soap emulsifier (on water). The latex had a pH of 7.9 and contained 22% total solids. Five creaming runs were made using this latex. Various inorganic salt solutions were employed in the first four runs. and the fifth was made in the absence of the salt solution to show the eilect of the salt addition on the creaming results. The salt solution was run into the latex slowly with agitation and the mixtureswere then allowed to stand hour. 13% ammonia water was then added in order to raise the pH of the latices to the values shown. Finally, the 2% ammonium alginate solution was added and the mixtures heated to 60 C. and then allowed to cream overnight. The results are given in the Table I.

8 3.96% NaI-IzPm solution (pH raised to 5.9 with cone. 1011401!) were also heated to 35.5" C. and then run into the latex rapidly over a period of live minutes. The mixture was allowed to stand hour at 35 C. The pH of the mixture after standing was 6.4. The batch was then quenched with 26.8 gms. of concentrated ammonium hydroxide to raise the pH to 9.0. 237 gms. of 1.90 weight per cent ammonium alginate solution were then added, and the mixture was stirred for V hour, after which itwas placed in the creaming Y tower and allowed to cream 22 hours at'29-31" C.

Results Per cent Per cent Total D Rubber Solids ontent Cream (pH 8 7) 60. 5 47. 7 2. 34 0. 495

E'xurrm IV 74/26) in the presence of 2.5% sodium oleate emulsifier (on water) and a 2/1 ratio of water/reactants. The latex contained 21.1% total solids and had a pH of 8.1 1424 gms. of 4% ammonium chloride solution were added to 1896 gms.

Table I Tern oi Percent 'lotcl Parts salt ga PH an" 33 1 Heating Solids t 2" salt Ammonia AJginate 100 ,323

sol. Parts 80 ds Agent Cream serum a a 4% NaCl 0. 75 8. 3 10-2 0. 8 60 46. 4 3.13 4% NHlCl 0. 75 7. 5 3. 7 0.8 45 67.3 3.06 4% (NHMSO... 0.75 7. 5 8.8 0.8 60 45.3 4.3 #7,, NBH1PO 0. 75 6. 2 9.1 0.6 60 52, 5 2,94 No salt sol 8. 2 10. 4 0.8 60 32. 2 4.02

Exmn: II of this latex at room temperature over a period 2016 gms. of synthetic rubber latex (prepared by copolymerizing butadiene and acrylonitrile (74/26 wt. ratio) in the presence of 1.75% potassium oleate emulsifier. (on water) and 2/1 ratio water/reactants) possessing a pH of 8.4 and containing 22.3% solids were heated to 355C. 1251 gms. of 3.97 weight per cent ammonium chloride solution (pH, 5.7) were also heated to the same temperature. was run into the warm latex over a period of five minutes. The mixture was then allowed to stand V hour at 35 C. and was stirred intermittently during this time. The pH at the end of the hour interval was 7.5. The mixture was then quenched with 91.4 gms. of 9.2 normal KOHsolution. The pH after quenching was 9.7. 207 gms. of ammonium alginate solution (1.96%) were added and stirred into the latex at 35 C. The

' mixture was allowed to cream 21 hours at a temperature of 27-31 C.

2240 gms. of the same latex employed in Example II were heated to 35.5 C. 1120 gms. of

The ammonium chloride solution a 0t 15 minutes. The mixturewas then allowed to stand two hours at room temperature, after which it was heated to 48 C. and then quenched while at this temperature with 96 cc. of 9.2 normal KOH solution. The mixture was heated to 60 C., and then 200 gms. of 2% ammonium alginate solution were added and stirred in. The batch 224 gms. of a. synthetic rubber latex (prepared by copolymerizing butadiene and acrylonitrile (wt. ratio 74/26) in the presence of 1.1% sodium lauryl sulfate emulsifier (on water) and 2 1 ratio water/reactants) possessing a pH of 5.0 and containing 22.3% total solids were heated to 35.5 C. and then mixed with 78.4 gms. of 4% ammonium chloride solution previously heated to the same temperature. The mixture was allowed to stand /4 hour at 35 C. and was then quenched with 4.5 cc. of concentrated ammonium hydroxide. 23 gms. of 1.88% ammonium alginate solution were stirred in while heating to 50 C., and the mixture was then allowed to cream 18 hours at room temperature. The resulting cream conmam tuned 51.1% total solids, and the serum 2.12%

ride solution, also heated to 35 C. The batch was allowed to stand hour and was then quenched with 9.2 cc. of 9.2 normal KOH solution. gms. of 1.88 weight per cent ammonium alginate solution were finally added with stirring while the mixture was being heated to 50 C. After creaming 13% hours. the upper cream layer contained 49% total solids, and the lower serum layer 3.57% total solids. I

It may be seen from these data that increasing the particle size by adding an inorganic salt solution in accordance with this invention is essential in order to obtain creams of high solids content and serums of low solids content. At the end of the creaming process when an inorganic salt solution is added to increase the particle size, it

was found that 9798.5% of the total rubber 'present in the original dilute synthetic latex is present in the cream.

EXAMPLE VII 224 parts of the same latex employed in 'Example II were heated to 35.5 C. 40.2 parts of 4.95 weight per cent NH4C1 sol. (pH 5.2) were also heated to the same temperature and then run into the latex. The temperature of the mixture was raised to 60 C. and the batch was allowed to stand at this temperature for 45 minutes. 3.7 parts of 9.2 normal KOH solution were run in and the mixture allowed to stand 1 hour, after which 21.2 parts of a 1.93 per cent ammonium alginate solution were added and stirred in. The mixture was allowed'to cream overnight, whereupon the cream contained 51.4 per cent total solids and the serum 1.91 per cent total solids.

EXAMPLE VIII 11,250 parts of a synthetic rubber latex (prepared by copolymerizing butadiene and acrylonitrile (wt. ratio 74/26) in the presence of 3.5% oleic acid (on reactants) (77% neutralized with KOI-I) and a. 2/1 ratio water/reactants) possessing a pH of 7.9 and containing 22.3% total solids were heated to 60 C. 1575 parts of a 7 wt. per cent ammonium chloride solution (pH raised to 7.7 with 3.16 parts concentrated aqueousNH40H) Per cent total solids Cream 50.3 (pH 9.6) Serum 1.82

The cream contained 0.24% ash (based on total solids) and the serum 0.34% rubber.

EXAMPLE IX 217.5 parts of a synthetic rubber latex (prepared by copolymeriz'ing butadiene with acrylonipared from synthetic rubber latices.

. 10 trile, wt. ratio 74/26,. in the presence of 2.75% oleic acid (on reactants)-% neutralized with potassium hydroxide and a 1.7/1 ratio water to reactants) possessing a pH of 7.9, a potassium oleate content of 3.5%: (based on solids) and 23%- total solids content were heated to 35 C. and 36 parts of a 5% ammonium chloride solution (pH raised to 7.1 with ammonia water) were then run in rapidly with agitation. The batch was heated to 60 C. and allowed to stand one hour (DI-I 7.5) after which 5.4 parts of" concentrated aque- I ous ammonia wereadded with stirring (pH now 9.6) followed by 22 parts of 2% ammonium alginate solution. After creaming overnight the following results were obtained:

. Percent total solids Cream 50.3 (0.43% ash on total solids) Serum 1.77 (0.47% dry rubber content) Exmrmc X (previously heated to 35 C.) were run in. The

mixture was allowed to stand at 35 0. for V4 hour and was then neutralized with 4.5 parts .of V

concentrated ammonium hydroxide. 16 parts of a (1.88% solids) ammonium alginate solution were added and the mixture was heated to 50 C. and then allowed to cream overnight. The cream contained 50% solids and the serum 1.52% solids.

It may be seen from the foregoing description that I have provided a novel method whereby creams of high solids content may be readily pre- It will be understood that my invention is not limited to the foregoing specific embodiments but maybe varied without departing from the purview of the subjoined claims. i

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The process of creaming synthetic latices having a pH of 7-9.5 and containing 20 to 30% solids prepared by the polymerization of a conjugated diolefin of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule in aqueous emulsion in the presence of a water soluble fatty acid soap emulsifier which comprises adding an aqueous solution containing from 1 to 7 weight per cent of a destabilizing agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts of aliphatic amines in which the alkyl' group contains 1 to 2 carbon atoms and salts o'f lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium to said latices at a temperature of 2075 C., the total amount of destabilizing agent added being from 1 to 19 parts per parts of latex solids, said amount of destabilizing agent being sufficient to effect 'a substantial increase in the particle size of the latex but insuflicient to cause coagulation thereof, treating the resultant latex with an alkali to render it stable, adding a creaming agent sion in the presence of a water soluble fatty acid soap emulsifier which comprises adding an aqueous solution containing from 1 to 7 weight per 1! cent of a destabilizing agent selected from the group consistingof inorganic: salts of-aliphatic Y amines in which the ,alkyl groupcontalnstiito 2 carbon atoms and salts of lithium;'sodium,'potas-' K slum and ammonium to said latices -.at a temperature of 20--75 C.,vthe total amountoide'-- stabilizing agentadded beingirom lsto 19-parts per 7100 parts of: latex solids, said amount of destabilizing agent being sumcientto'eflect a substantial increase inthe particle size the latex but insufiicientto cause coagulation thereof, treating the resultant latex withanalkali to renderit stable, adding a creaming agent to the treated latex and thereafter-effecting a separasolution containing from 1' to]? weight per cent' of a destabilizing agent selectedirom thegroup consisting-oi inorganic salts of aliphatic amines in which the alkyl'group contains'l to 2 carbon atoms and salts of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium to said latices at a temperature of -75 0., the total amount of destabilizing agent added beingfrom l to 19 parts-per 100parts of latex solids,said amount of destabilizing agent being sufiicient to effect a substantial increase in the particle size of the latex but insufiicient to cause coagulation thereof, treating the resultant latex with an alkali to render it stable, adding a creaming agent to the treated latex and thereafter effecting a separation between the latex cream and the serum.

4. The process of creaming synthetic latices having a pH of 7-9.5 and containing 20 to solids prepared by the copolymerization of a conjugated diolefin of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule and styrene in aqueous emulsion in the presence of a, water soluble "fatty acid soap emulsifier which comprises addingan aqueous solution containing from 1 to '7 weight per cent of a destabilizing agent, selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts; of aliphatic amines in which the alkyl group contains 1 to 2 carbon atoms and salts of lithium; sodium, potassium and ammonium, to said latices at a temperature of 20-75 0., the total amount of destabilizing agent added being fromrl to 19 parts per 100 parts 01' latex solids, said amount of destabilizing agent being sufilcien-t to effect a substantial increase in the particle size of the latex but insutlicient to cause coagulation thereof, treating the resultant latex with an alkali to render it stable, adding a creaming agent to the treated latex and thereafter eil'ecting a separation between the latex cream and the serum.

5. The process of creaming synthetic latices having a pH of 79.5 and'containing 20 to 30% solids prepared-by the polymerization of a con- Jugated diolefin of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule in-aqueous emulsion in the presence of a water soluble fatty acid soap emulsifier which comprises adding an aqueous solution containing from 1 to 7 weight per cent of a destabilizing agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts of aliphatic amines in which the alkyl group contains 1 to 2 carbon atoms and salts of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium' to said latices, the total amount of destabilizing agent added beingfrom 1 to 6 parts per 100 parts of latex 12 solids, maintaining the latex-destabilizing agent' solution'm'i'xture-at -75 C.- for from ,4102- hours. adding a volatile base to the said mixture to restabilize the latex, adding a creaming agent to the treated latex and thereafter effecting asep-V aration between the-latex cream and the serum. synthetic latices;

6. The process vofycreairling havinga pH oil-9.5 and containing 20 to 30% solids prepared by the copolymerization of a coniugated diolefinoi from 4 to;6 carbon atoms per molecule with a-copolymerizable compound containing a single CH2=C= group in aqueous-emulsion inthe presence oi a water soluble fatty'acld soap emulsifier which comprises adding anaqucous solution containing from 3 to 6 weight per cent a of a destabilizing agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts of aliphatic amines in which the alkylgroup containsv 1 to -2 carbon atoms and-salts of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium to said latices, the total amount of destabilizing agent added being from 1 to 6 parts per parts of latex solids, maintaining, the latex-destabilizing agent solution mixture at 60-75" ICJfor from to 2 hours, adding a volatile.

base to the said mixture to restabilize the latex, adding a creaming agent to the treated latex and. thereafter eil'ecting a separation between the latex cream and the serum. I,

7. The process of creaming synthetic latices having a pH of 7-9.5 and containing 20 to 30% solids prepared by the copolymerization of a conjugated diolefin of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule and acrylonitril in aqueous emulsion in the presence of a water soluble fatty acid soapf emulsifier which comprises adding an aqueous solution containing from 3 to 6 weight per cent' oi a destabilizing agent selectedfrom the group con-' sisting of inorganic salts ofaliphatic amines in which the alkyl group contains 1 to 2 carbon atoms and salts of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium to said latices, the total amount oi"de-' stabilizing agent added being from 1 to 6 parts per 100 parts of latex solids, maintaining the latex-destabilizing 'agent solution mixture at 60- '75 C. for from V4 to 2 hours, adding a volatile base to the said mixture to restabilize the latex,

' adding a creaming agent to the treated latex and thereafter efiecting a separation, between the latex cream and the serum.

8. The process of creaming synthetic latices having a pH of 7-9.5 and containing 20 to 30% solids prepared by the copolymerization of a conjugated diolefin of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule and styrene in aqueous emulsion in the presence of a water soluble fatty acid soap emulsi-' fier which comprises adding an aqueous solution containing-from 3 to 6 weight per cent of a def stabilizing agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts of aliphatic amines in which the allryl group contains 1 to 2 carbon atoms and salts of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium to said latices, the total amount of destabilizing agent added being from 1 to 6 parts per 100 parts of latex solids, maintaining the latexdestabilizing agent solution mixture at 60-75" 13 the destabilizing agent is ammonium chloride, the volatile base is ammonia and the creaming agent is ammonium alginate.

11. The process as defined in claim 7 wherein the destabilizing agent is ammonium chloride, the volatile base is ammonia and the creaming agent is ammonium alginate.

12. The process as defined in claim 3 wherein the destabilizing agent is ammonuim chloride, the volatile base is ammonia and the creaming agent is ammonium alginate.

13. The process of creaming synthetic rubber latices and containing 20 to 30% solids prepared by the polymerization of a conjugated diolefin of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule in aqueous emulsion in the presence of a water soluble fatty acid soap emulsifier which comprises adding an aqueous solution containing from 3 to 6 weight per cent of a destabilizing agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts of aliphatic amines in which the alkyl group contains 1 to 2 carbon atoms and salts of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium to said latices at a temperature of from 20 to 35 C., the total amount of destabilizing agent added being from 4 to 14 parts per 100 parts of latex solids, said amount being sufiicient to effect a substantial increase in the particle size of the latex but insufllcient to cause coagulation thereof, treating the resulting latex with a fixed alkali to render it stable, adding a creaming agent to the thus treated latex and thereafter effecting a' separation between the latex cream and the serum.

14. The process of creaming synthetic rubber latices and containing 20 to 30% solids prepared by the copolymerization of a conjugated diolefin of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule and a copolymerizable compound containing a single CH2=C= group, in aqueous emulsion in the presence of a water soluble fatty acid soap emulsifier whichcomprises adding an aqueous solution containing from 3 to 6 weight per cent of a destabilizing agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts of aliphatic amines in which the alkyl group contains 1 to 2 carbon atoms and salts of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium to said latices at a temperature of from 20 to 35 0., the total amount of destabilizing agent added being from 4 to 14 parts per 100 parts of latex solids, said amount being sufiicient to efifect a substantial increase in the particle size of the latex but insufllcient to cause coagulation thereof, treating the resulting latex with a fixed alkali to render it stable, adding a creaming agent to the thus treated latex and thereafter effecting a separation between the latex cream and the serum.

15. The process 0! creaming synthetic rubber latices and containing 20 to 30% solids prepared by the copolymerization of a conjugated diolefin of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule and acrylonitrile in aqueous emulsion in the presence of a water soluble fatty acid soap emulsifier which comprises adding an aqueous solution containing from 3 to 6 weight per cent of a destabilizing agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts of aliphatic amines in which the alkyl' group contains 1 to 2 carbon atoms and salts of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium to said latices at a temperature of from 20 to 35 C., the total amount of destabilizing agent added being from 4 to 14 parts per parts of latex solids, said amount being sumcient to effect a substantial increase in the particle size of the latex but insufiicient to cause coagulation thereof, treating the resulting latex with a fixed alkali to render it stable, adding a creaming agent to the thus treated latex and thereafter effecting a separation between the latex cream and the serum.

16. The process as defined in claim 13 wherein the destabilizing agent is ammonium chloride, the alkali is potassium hydroxide and the creaming agent is an alkali alginate.

17. The process as defined in claim 14 wherein the destabilizing agent is ammonium chloride, the alkali is potassium hydroxide and the creaming agent is an alkali alginate.

18. The process as defined in claim 15 wherein the destabilizing agent is ammonium chloride, the alkali is potassium hydroxide and the creaming agent is an alkali alginate.

.ERVING ARUNDALE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Mueller, India Rubber World, Oct. 1942, pp. 33-35 and 41. 

